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Where can I found legal Amiga Roms

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It is generally not legal to download ROMs or disk images of software for systems like the Amiga unless you own the original physical copies of the software and are creating copies for your own personal use. If you own physical copies of Amiga software and want to create ROMs or disk images for use with an emulator, you can do so using specialized software and hardware. Here are the general steps for creating an Amiga ROM:

  1. Obtain a device called a “ROM dumper” that is capable of reading the ROMs from your Amiga cartridges. These devices are available from some electronics retailers or online.
  2. Connect the ROM dumper to your computer and follow the instructions provided to create a copy of the ROM from the cartridge.
  3. Use an Amiga emulator or other software to open the ROM file and run the software.

It is important to note that distributing ROMs or disk images of copyrighted software without permission is illegal in most countries, even if you own the original copies of the software.

If you are looking for legal Amiga downloads, there are a number of websites that offer legal downloads of Amiga software, including games, utilities, and other applications. Some options include the Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_amiga), C64.com (https://www.c64.com/games), and the Homebrew C64 Software List (https://www.c64-wiki.com/index.php/Homebrew_C64_Software_List). It is always important to respect the copyright holders of software and only download or use software that you have obtained legally.

List of Amiga Emulators

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Here is a list of Amiga emulators:

  1. WinUAE: This emulator is available for Windows and allows users to run Amiga software on modern computers.
  2. Amiga Forever: This is a commercial emulator package that includes an emulator and a collection of games and other software for the Amiga. It is available for Windows and Android.
  3. FS-UAE: This is a cross-platform emulator that supports a variety of Amiga models and is available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and other operating systems.
  4. AmigaSYS: This is a commercial emulator package that includes an emulator and a collection of games and other software for the Amiga. It is available for Windows.
  5. Amiga In A Box: This is a commercial emulator package that includes an emulator and a collection of games and other software for the Amiga. It is available for Windows and Android.
  6. Amiga Emulator: This is a commercial emulator for Android devices that allows users to run Amiga software on their mobile devices.
  7. E-UAE: This is a free, open-source emulator that is available for a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and more.
  8. RetroArch: This is a cross-platform emulator that supports a wide range of systems, including the Amiga. It is available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and other operating systems.

Keep in mind that some emulators may require the use of original Amiga ROMs or disk images in order to run software. It is important to only use ROMs or disk images that you own or have obtained legally.

is there any legal c64 download site

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There are a number of websites that offer legal downloads of Commodore 64 software, including games, utilities, and other applications. However, it is important to note that the availability of C64 software for download may vary depending on the copyright holder and the specific terms of use for the software.

One website that offers a large selection of legal Commodore 64 downloads is the Internet Archive. The Internet Archive is a non-profit organization that works to preserve and provide access to historical and cultural works, including a wide variety of computer software. The Internet Archive’s collection of C64 software can be accessed through the Internet Archive’s website at: https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_c64

Other websites that offer legal C64 downloads include:

C64.com: This website offers a variety of C64 games and other software that have been made available for free download by their copyright holders.

CSDb: The Commodore 64 Scene Database (CSDb) is a community-driven website that includes a large collection of C64 software, including games, demos, and utilities. Some of the software available for download on CSDb may be freeware or shareware, while others may be available for purchase.

The Homebrew C64 Software List: This website is maintained by the Commodore 64 Homebrew Scene and includes a list of C64 software that has been released by independent developers or hobbyists.

It is always important to respect the copyright holders of software and only download or use software that you have obtained legally.

How to get an Original C64 Rom

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It is generally not legal to download ROMs or disk images of software for systems like the Commodore 64 unless you own the original physical copies of the software and are creating copies for your own personal use. If you own physical copies of C64 software and want to create ROMs or disk images for use with an emulator, you can do so using specialized software and hardware. Here are the general steps for creating a C64 ROM:

  1. Obtain a device called a “ROM dumper” that is capable of reading the ROMs from your C64 cartridges. These devices are available from some electronics retailers or online.
  2. Connect the ROM dumper to your computer and follow the instructions provided to create a copy of the ROM from the cartridge.
  3. Use a C64 emulator or other software to open the ROM file and run the software.

It is important to note that distributing ROMs or disk images of copyrighted software without permission is illegal in most countries, even if you own the original copies of the software.

RS-232 for nerds

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RS232 is a serial communication standard. This standard specifies signal levels, error correction methods, and other details. RS232 is a standard developed in the 1960s and is still used in many devices.

The RS232 standard allows electronic devices to communicate with each other. This standard enables one device (for example, a computer) to send and receive data from another device (for example, a printer). RS232 performs this operation using the serial communication method.

RS232 is used in many different devices. For example, RS232 is used for a computer to send data to a printer. This standard is also used for a keyboard to send data to a computer. Today, more advanced serial communication standards are used instead of RS232.

RS-232, a protocol dating back to the 60s, is difficult for the unfamiliar to understand and use. Although it was thought to be sufficient in the years it was released, it has been updated several times over time. In its original state, synchronized data communication was made between the transmitter and receiver without any error checking. At that time data sizes were small enough to be measured in a few kilobytes or even bytes, so rates of 600 baud were quite sufficient. Of course, in those years, it was not foreseen how the future computers, printers, test equipment, post devices and other devices would develop, and the standard was shaped only then to the extent that they would do their job. (Electronic Industries Association – EIA)

Over the years, as the size of the data transferred due to technological advances has increased, higher speeds have begun to be needed. This has started to cause the data to be sent by being compressed even more. As the data transfer rate increased, data corruption started to occur due to physical conditions and the danger of sending incorrect information to the receiver emerged.

As a result, solutions such as adding the parity bit and controlling the flow with handshake were used. However, this protocol is too slow for data transfer nowadays and it is no longer its main task. However, it is possible to find this port on many devices. Even on modern devices, we can do basic console operations and debugging directly from this port. Sometimes this can be the only method in some industrial devices that do not have an IP address, or even an ethernet port, without a screen, without a keyboard, and almost like a closed box. This type of connection is also used for debugging with Arduino.

Voltage levels are important

The RS-232 standard defined voltage levels for data transmission and control signal lines corresponding to the logical one and logical zero levels as follows. Valid signals are in the range of +3 to +15 volts or -3 to -15 volts relative to the “Common Ground” (GND) pin; As a result, the range from −3 to +3 volts is not a valid RS-232 level.

±5 V, ±10 V, ±12 V and ±15 V are commonly used voltage levels. The signals between the two ends should be balanced with each other and in these ranges according to the GND pin. The two ends should be as close to each other as possible. If the distance is long, the GND voltages may be different. This becomes even more critical if the devices at the two ends are fed from different power sources. This can be solved by keeping the GND voltages as close to each other as possible. Good grounding is a good solution to this.

In the above example, it belongs to the file received via RS-232 from a Siemens CNC machine. The header, which is the first line of the file, contains some information. The first of the two examples above were taken as PC Format and the other as Punched Tape. It seems more understandable for people with punched tape.

The first line of the file is the filename, the second line is the location from which it was taken. In addition, the end of the file is determined with 25(HEX) characters. This file contains only one MPF program.

When I import the whole folder as WPD, all programs and paths are seen. These 3 programs are arranged in the same file as a continuation of the previous one.

If we restore this WPD file, it will be reinstalled on the machine with the correct directory structure.

This picture theoretically shows the shape of the signal when the letter J is sent over the RS232 interface. The real state is more in the form of curves. In the figure, the bit stream at the 0V and 5V logic levels is sent from the out pin of the microcontroller. Boosted to ±12 volts with an inverter like the MAX232. -12V corresponds to logic 1 and +12V to logic 0. Output voltages can be between ± 5V and ± 25 V. High voltage is more useful in long distance transmissions.

The period of 1 bit in this figure is 1/frequency. For 9600 bps, it is seen as 1/9600, i.e. 104,166 microseconds.

In serial communication, information is sent sequentially. RS-232 sends 8 bits of data and 1 bit of parity bit and 1 byte of information. There is no signal to indicate where the bits begin and end. Receiver and sender parties must work at the same speed. What is meant by speed here is the value known as baud rate. ex

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